Tax & Business Hub
In this section you can quickly access up to date tax and business information which is relevant to individual and corporate taxpayers.
Contents of the Tax & Business Hub
To help you navigate through the wealth of resources available in this section we have broken down the information into the following areas:
Finance Calculators
Our range of simple to use online calculators below will help you to manage your business and keep a track of expenses and tax liabilities.
Key Tax Dates
Use our tax dates section to quickly see when different tax returns need to be filed and payments need to be made.
Key Tax dates – Employers
| Task | Period | Deadline | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Changes to advisory fuel rates | 01/12/2022 – 28/02/2023 | 1/12/2022 | Previous rates can be used until 31/12/2022 if desired. |
| Changes to advisory fuel rates | 01/03/2023 – 31/05/2023 | 01/03/2023 | Previous rates can be used until 31/03/2023 if desired. |
| Changes to advisory fuel rates | 01/06/2023 – 31/08/2023 | 01/06/2023 | Previous rates can be used until 30/06/2023 if desired. |
| Changes to advisory fuel rates | Previous rates can be used until 30/09/2023 if desired. | 01/09/2023 | 01/09/2023 – 30/11/2023 |
| Class 1A NICs payment due to HMRC | 05/04/2023 (year) | 19/07/2023* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Deadline for notifying HMRC of shares & share options awarded to employees | 05/04/2023 (year) | 06/07/2023 | |
| Deadline for P11D and P11Db forms to be submitted to HMRC. | 05/04/2023 (year) | 06/07/2023 | |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/10/2022 (month) | 19/10/2022* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/07/2023 | 19/07/2023* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/08/2023 | 19/08/2023* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/09/2023 | 19/09/2023* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/10/2023 | 19/10/2023* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/11/2022 (month) | 19/11/2022* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/12/2022 (month) | 19/12/2022* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/01/2023 (month) | 19/01/2023* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/02/2023 (month) | 19/02/2023* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/03/2023 (month) | 19/03/2023* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/04/2023 (month) | 19/04/2023* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/05/2023 | 19/05/2023* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Employers PAYE/NIC payment and CIS returns & payment due | 05/06/2023 | 19/06/2023* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Give each employee a P60 for 2022/23 | 05/04/2023 (year) | 31/05/2023 | |
| P11D information for 2022/23 to be given to employees where relevant | 05/04/2023 (year) | 06/07/2023 | |
| P46 (car) forms due if there have been company car changes in the period | 06/07/2022 – 05/10/2022 | 02/11/2022 | |
| P46 (car) forms due if there have been company car changes in the period | 06/10/2022 – 05/01/2023 | 02/02/2023 | |
| P46 (car) forms due if there have been company car changes in the period | 06/01/2023 – 05/04/2023 | 05/04/2023 | (Deadline is 03/05/2023 if using a printed form) |
| P46 (car) forms due if there have been company car changes in the period | 06/04/2023 – 05/07/2023 | 02/08/2023 | |
| PAYE settlement agreement application deadline | 05/04/2023 (year) | 05/07/2023 | |
| Payment for Class 1B NICs (on PAYE Settlement Agreement) due to HMRC | 05/04/2023 (year) | 19/10/2023* | * Due on 22 nd if paid electronically |
| Register or de- register for Payrolling Benefits in Kind, if applicable, before the start of the tax year | For the 2023/24 tax year | 05/04/2023 | |
| Update employee records and payroll software for new tax year | For the 2023/24 tax year | From 6 April 2023 (or earlier if required by payroll software provider) | |
| Update payroll software for new NIC rates from 6 November 2022 | 6 November 2022 onwards | 06/11/2022 |
Key Tax dates – Individuals
| Task | Tax Year | Deadline | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deadline for notifying HMRC of chargeability, if not already within Self- Assessment | 2022/23 | 05/10/2023 | |
| Due date for second payment on account for 2022/23 | 2022/23 | 31/07/2023 | |
| Online return filing deadline, if you wish for HMRC to collect tax due of up to £3,000 via your 2023/24 tax code | 2021/22 | 30/12/2022 | |
| Online return filing deadline payment of tax for 2021/22 and first payment on account for 2022/23 | 2021/22 | 31/01/2023 | |
| Paper tax return filing deadline | 2021/22 | 31/10/2022 |
Key Tax dates – Corporation Tax CT600
| Accounting period end | Corporation tax payment date | CT600 filling date |
|---|---|---|
| 28/02/2022 | 01/12/2022 | 28/02/2022 |
| 30/04/2022 | 01/02/2023 | 30/04/2022 |
| 30/06/2022 | 01/04/2023 | 30/06/2022 |
| 30/09/2022 | 01/07/2023 | 30/09/2022 |
| 30/11/2022 | 01/09/2023 | 30/11/2022 |
| 31/01/2022 | 01/11/2022 | 31/01/2023 |
| 31/03/2022 | 01/01/2023 | 31/03/2023 |
| 31/05/2022 | 01/03/2023 | 31/05/2022 |
| 31/07/2022 | 01/05/2023 | 31/07/2022 |
| 31/08/2022 | 01/06/2023 | 31/08/2022 |
| 31/10/2022 | 01/08/2023 | 31/10/2022 |
| 31/12/2022 | 01/10/2023 | 31/12/2022 |
Key Tax dates – Corporation Tax CT61
| Reporting period | CT61 and payment deadline |
|---|---|
| 01/01/2023 – 31/03/2023 | 14/04/2023 |
| 01/04/2023 – 30/06/2023 | 14/07/2023 |
| 01/07/2023 – 30/09/2023 | 14/10/2023 |
| 01/10/2023 – 31/12/2023 | 14/01/2024 |
Key Tax dates – VAT Registered Businesses
| Quarterly/monthlyVAT return period end | Return and payment deadline |
|---|---|
| 28/02/2023 | 07/04/2023 |
| 30/04/2023 | 07/06/2023 |
| 30/06/2023 | 07/08/2023 |
| 30/09/2023 | 07/11/2023 |
| 30/11/2022 | 07/01/2023 |
| 31/01/2023 | 07/03/2023 |
| 31/03/2023 | 07/05/2023 |
| 31/05/2023 | 07/07/2023 |
| 31/07/2023 | 07/09/2023 |
| 31/08/2023 | 07/10/2023 |
| 31/10/2022 | 07/12/2022 |
| 31/12/2022 | 07/02/2023 |
HMRC Links
The following links take you to the relevant pages on the HMRC website where you can download forms and access more information.
BR19 - Application for a state pension forecastCH2 - Child benefit claim formCWF1 - Self Assessment tax rerunif an employee does not have a recent P45 - Starter checklist for PAYENational insurance forms - Collection of forms to contact HMRCP11D(b) - Return of Class 1A National Insurance contributions dueP46 (car) - If you have provided or withdrawn a car for an employee's private usePAYE forms for employers - Access both P45 and P60 formsSelf Assessment - Postal payment slipVAT 1 - Register for VAT by postVAT 2 - Partnership details for VATVAT 7 - Cancel your VAT registrationVAT forms - Additional VAT forms
Tax Rates and Allowances
Access the latest tax rates and information relating to the different tax areas shown below.
Income Tax
| Main allowances | Rate bands | 2023/24 | 2022/23 | General income | Savings income | Dividend income | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Personal Allowance*† | £12,570 | £12,570 | |||||
| Blind Person’s Allowance | 2,870 | 2,600 | |||||
| Allowed only at 10% | |||||||
| Married Couple’s Allowance (born before 6/4/35) ** | 10,375 | 9,415 | |||||
| Income limit for age-related allowances | 36,400 | 31,400 | |||||
| Dividend and Savings Allowances | |||||||
| Dividend Tax Allowance (DTA) § | 1,000 | 2,000 | |||||
| Personal Savings Allowance (basic rate taxpayer) | 1,000 | 1,000 | |||||
| Personal Savings Allowance (higher rate taxpayer) | 500 | 500 | |||||
| Basic | 37,700 | 37,700 | 20% | 20% | 8.75% | ||
| Higher | 37,701-125,140 | 37,701-150,000 | 40% | 40% | 33.75% | ||
| Additional | over 125,140 | over 150,000 | 45% | 45% | 39.35% | ||
| Notes for main allowances | *Personal Allowance (PA) will be withdrawn at £1 for every £2 by which ‘adjusted income’ exceeds £100,000. There will therefore be no allowance given if adjusted income is £125,140 (2022/23: £125,140) or more. †Up to 10% of the PA (2023/24: £1,260; 2022/23: £1,260) can be transferred to a spouse or civil partner who is no more than a basic rate taxpayer. **Married Couple’s Allowance is reduced by £1 for every £2 by which adjusted income exceeds the income limit, down to a minimum of £4,010 (2022/23 £3,640) §The DTA taxes the first £1,000 (2022/23: £2,000) of dividend income at nil rather than the rate that would otherwise apply – see rates below. Note that the DTA will drop to £500 2024/25). The Personal Savings Allowance (PSA) operates as a nil rate band for interest income. | ||||||
| Notes for rate bands |
General income (salary, pensions, business profits, rent) uses Personal Allowance, basic rate, and higher rate bands before savings income (interest). To the extent that savings income falls in the first £5,000 of the basic rate band, it is taxed at nil rather than 20%. The PSA (see above) will tax interest at nil where it would otherwise be taxable at 20% or 40%. Dividends are taxed as the ‘top slice’ of income. |
High Income Child Benefit Charge (HICBC)
| Remittance basis charge | Rate bands | 2023/24 | 2022/23 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 of the preceding 9 tax years | £30,000 | £30,000 | ||
| 12 of the preceding 14 tax years | £60,000 | £60,000 | ||
| 15 of the preceding 20 tax years | Deemed domiciled | Deemed domiciled | ||
| Lifetime allowance (LA) | £1.0731m | £1.0731m | ||
| Annual allowance (AA)* | £40,000 | £40,000 | ||
| Charge if excess drawn as | Cash 55%/income 25% | Cash 55%/income 25% | ||
| AA charge on excess inputs | 20%-45% | 20%-45% | ||
| Remittance basis charge note | 1% of child benefit for each £100 of net income between £50,000 and £60,000. | |||
| Rate bands note | Annual relievable pension inputs are the higher of earnings (capped at AA) or £3,600. *From 2020/21 onwards the AA is reduced by £1 for every £2 by which relevant income exceeds £240,000, down to a minimum AA of £4,000. |
Registered Pension Scheme Limits
| Name | 2023/24 | 2022/24 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lifetime allowance (LA) | n/a | £1.0731m | |
| Annual allowance (AA)* | £60,000 | £40,000 | |
| AA charge on excess inputs | 20%-45% | 20%-45% | |
| Notes | Annual relievable pension inputs are the higher of earnings (capped at AA) or £3,600. *From 2020/21 onwards the AA is reduced by £1 for every £2 by which relevant income exceeds £260,000 (2022/23: £240,000), down to a minimum AA of £104,000 (2022/23: £4,000) |
Car and Fuel Benefits
| CO2 emissions (g/km) | Scale charge | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Zero | 2% | |
| 1-50 – EV range 130 miles or over | 2% | |
| 1-50 – EV range 70 – 129 miles | 5% | |
| 1-50 – EV range 40 – 69 miles | 8% | |
| 1-50 – EV range 30 – 39 miles | 12% | |
| 1-50 – EV range under 30 miles | 14% | |
| 51-54 | 15% | |
| 55-59 | 16% | |
| 60 and over | Add 1% for every 5g/km Add 4% for diesel cars Subject to 37% maximum | |
| Notes before table | Cars Taxable benefit is chargeable value multiplied by a chargeable percentage. Chargeable value: Initial list price of car (including most accessories), reduced by any capital contribution (maximum £5,000) by employee when the car is first made available. Chargeable percentages 2022/23 to 2024/25: | |
| Notes after table | Cars that meet the Real Driving Emissions Step 2 (RDE2) standard are exempt from the diesel supplement. Fuel provided for private motoring Where employer provides fuel for private motoring in an employer-owned car, CO2-based percentage from above table multiplied by £27,800 (2022/23 £25,430). Employee contributions for fuel do not reduce taxable figure unless all private fuel is paid for by the employee (in which case there is no benefit charge). Where fuel is provided for private use of company vans there is a flat rate charge of £757 (2022/23 £688). Company Vans and Commercial Vehicles Unless private use of a company van is insignificant the taxable benefit for 2023/24 is £3,960 (2022/23 £3,600). Where the van has zero CO2 emissions the benefit is NIL. |
Cars
Taxable benefit is chargeable value multiplied by a chargeable percentage.
Chargeable value:
Initial list price of car (including most accessories), reduced by any capital contribution (maximum £5,000) by employee when the car is first made available.
Chargeable percentages 2022/23 to 2024/25:
Cars that meet the Real Driving Emissions Step 2 (RDE2) standard are exempt from the diesel supplement.
Fuel provided for private motoring
Where employer provides fuel for private motoring in an employer-owned car, CO2-based percentage from above table multiplied by £25,300 (2021/22 £24,600). Employee contributions for fuel do not reduce taxable figure unless all private fuel is paid for by the employee (in which case there is no benefit charge).
Where fuel is provided for private use of company vans there is a flat rate charge of £688 (2021/22 £669).
Company Vans and Commercial Vehicles
Unless private use of a company van is insignificant the taxable benefit for 2022/23 is £3,600 (2021/22 £3,500). Where the van has zero CO2 emissions the benefit is NIL.
2022/23 National Insurance Contributions
| Class 1 (Employees) | Class 2 (Self employed) | Employee | Employer | 2023/24 | 2022/23 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main NIC rate | 12% | 13.80% | ||||
| No NIC – on the first | £242pw | £175pw | ||||
| Main rate* charged up to | £967pw | no limit | ||||
| 2% rate on earnings above | £967pw | N/A | ||||
| Employment allowance per business | N/A | £5,000 | ||||
| Flat rate per week | £3.45 | £3.15 | ||||
| Small profits threshold | £6,725 | £6,725 | ||||
| Class 3 (Voluntary) | ||||||
| Flat rate per week | £17.45 | £15.85 | ||||
| Class 3A | ||||||
| Contributions vary with age | ||||||
| Class 4 (Self employed) | ||||||
| On profits £12,570 – £50,270 (£11,908 – £50,270) | 9% | 10.25% | ||||
| (£9,570 – £50,270) | ||||||
| On profits over £50,270 | 2% | 3.25% | ||||
| Notes Class 1 (Employees) | *Nil rate of employer NIC for employees under the age of 21 and apprentices under 25, up to £967pw. For directors the employee NIC threshold for 2023/24 is £12,570. Employer contributions (at 15.05%) are also due on most taxable benefits (Class 1A) and on tax paid on an employee’s behalf under a PAYE settlement agreement (Class 1B). |
Capital Gains Tax and Inheritance Tax Rates
| Capital Gains Tax | 2023/24 | 2022/23 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual Exempt Amount | £6,000 | £12,300 | |
| Annual Exempt Amount for Trustees | £3,000 | £6,150 | |
| Basic rate taxpayer | 10% | 10% | |
| Higher rate taxpayer | 20% | 20% | |
| Business asset disposals (first £1 million) | 10% | 10% | |
| Basic rate taxpayer – residential property | 18% | 10% | |
| Higher rate taxpayer | 28% | 28% | |
| Inheritance Tax | |||
| Nil Rate Band | £325,000 | £325,000 | |
| Residence Nil Rate Band | £175,000 | £175,000 | |
| Taper threshold – Residence Nil Rate Band* | £2,000,000 | £2,000,000 | |
| Estate rate | 40% | 40% | |
| Chargeable lifetime transfers | 20% | 20% | |
| * Residence Nil Rate reduced by £1 for every £2 that estate exceeds this amount. |
Stamp Duty Land Tax Rates and Bandings
| Purchase consideration | Rate – on portion above threshold | Rate if second or subsequent property | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 to £125,000 | 0% | 3% | |
| £125,001 to £250,000 | 2% | 3% | |
| £250,001 to £925,000 | 5% | 8% | |
| £925,001 to £1.5 million | 10% | 13% | |
| Over £1.5 million | 12% | 15% | |
| Notes | Note – from 1 April 2021 there is a 2% surcharge in addition to the rates below where the purchaser is non-UK resident. Purchases completed on or after 1 October 2021 |
Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings (ATED) Rates 2022/23
| Property value | 2023/24 | 2022/23 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| More than £500,000 up to £1 million | £4,150 | £3,800 | |
| More than £1 million up to £2 million | £8,450 | £7,700 | |
| More than £2 million up to £5 million | £28,650 | £26,050 | |
| More than £5 million up to £10 million | £67,050 | £60,900 | |
| More than £10 million up to £20 million | £134,550 | £122,250 | |
| More than £20 million | £269,450 | £244,750 | |
| Notes | The following annual charges apply to certain dwellings owned by companies and other corporate entities: |
